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Table 3 Themes on the perceived causes of mental health problems and their frequency of mention

From: Perceived causes of mental illness and views on appropriate care pathways among Indonesians

Extrinsic factors

‘Intensity of pressure from family or problems’ (n = 21)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

14

7

7

6

7

1

66.70%

33.30%

33.30%

28.60%

33.30%

4.60%

‘Inability to cope with stress’ (n = 17)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

12

5

7

4

5

1

70.60%

29.40%

41.20%

23.50%

29.40%

5.90%

‘Quantity of problems’ (n = 4)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

3

1

1

1

1

1

75%

25%

25%

25%

25%

25%

‘Economic or environmental factor’ (n = 8)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

4

4

3

1

2

2

50%

50%

37.50%

12.50%

25%

25%

‘Lack of social support’ (n = 4)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

4

0

3

1

0

0

100%

 

75%

25%

  

Intrinsic factors

‘Thinking too much’ (n = 22)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

13

9

6

7

7

2

59.10%

40.90%

27.30%

31.80%

31.80%

9.10%

‘Congenital defects or hereditary factor’ (n = 3)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

1

2

2

0

0

1

33.30%

66.70%

66.70%

  

33.30%

‘Inability to control emotions’ (n = 2)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

1

1

1

1

0

0

50%

50%

50%

50%

  

‘Issue of the mind’ (n = 5)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

4

1

2

2

1

0

80%

20%

40%

40%

20%

 

‘Lack of mental strength’ (n = 3)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

2

1

0

2

1

0

66.70%

33.30%

 

66.70%

33.30%

 

‘Resentment from unmet needs or desires’ (n = 7)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

4

3

3

1

3

0

57.14%

42.86%

42.86%

14.28%

42.86%

 

‘Negative thoughts’ (n = 2)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

2

0

1

1

0

0

100%

 

50%

50%

  

‘Narrowmindedness’ (n = 1)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

1

0

0

0

1

0

100%

   

100%

 

Spiritual factors

‘Daydreaming and satan’ (n = 5)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

3

2

1

2

1

1

60%

40%

20%

40%

20%

20%

‘Lack of interaction with god’ (n = 2)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

2

0

1

1

0

0

100%

 

50%

50%

  

‘Santet (black magic)’ (n = 2)

Female

Male

18–29

30–44

45–60

above 60

1

1

2

0

0

0

50%

50%

100%