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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analyses identifying factors associated with depression in the participants

From: Prevalence of and factors associated with depression in the hill tribe population aged 40 years and older in northern Thailand

Characteristics

OR

95% CI

p-value

AOR

95% CI

p-value

Sex

 Male

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Female

1.45

1.03 – 2.06

0.036*

2.09

1.30 – 3.35

0.002*

Tribe

 Akha

1.00

     

 Lahu

1.98

1.36—2.89

 < 0.001*

   

 Mien

2.49

1.44 – 4.30

0.001*

   

 Lisu

2.09

1.15 – 3.80

0.015*

   

Age (years)

 40–59

1.00

     

 ≥ 60

0.98

0.70 – 1.38

0.926

   

Religion

 Buddhist

1.93

1.39 – 2.70

 < 0.001*

   

 Christian

1.00

     

Marital status

 Single

1.00

     

 Married

1.38

0.94 – 2.02

0.096

   

Education

 Not educated beyond primary school

1.77

0.38–3.66

0.078

   

 High school and higher

1.00

     

Having an income

 No

1.14

0.82 – 1.58

0.445

   

 Yes

1.00

     

Family debt

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

1.71

1.22 – 2.40

0.002*

   

Living situation

 With family member

1.00

     

 Alone

1.77

0.79–3.66

0.676

   

History of psychoactive substance use

 No

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Yes

1.52

1.09 – 2.13

0.014*

1.97

1.25 – 3.10

0.003*

Smoking

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

2.21

1.04–2.09

0.027*

   

Alcohol use

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

1.20

0.80–1.79

0.372

   

Having a medical condition

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

1.87

1.33 – 2.63

 < 0.001*

   

Experiencing stress 6 months prior

 No

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Yes

8.58

5.77 – 12.76

 < 0.001*

6.43

4.20 – 9.85

 < 0.001*

Reduction in ability to complete housework

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

1.77

0.89–2.66

0.081

   

Living independently with no need for interaction with people

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

8.10

4.43–15.23

 < 0.001*

   

Reduced work productivity within the previous 6 months

 No

1.00

     

 Yes

6.59

4.41–10.32

 < 0.001*

   

Knowledge

 Low

2.11

0.71–4.66

0.399

   

 Moderate

1.89

0.51–3.95

0.067

   

 High

1.00

     

Attitude

 Poor

0.97

0.77–4.41

0.321

   

 Neutral

1.13

0.5505.17

0.171

   

 Good

1.00

     
  1. *Significance level at α = 0.05