Table 2 Study characteristics
Author | Study design | Place | Participants | Informants | Screening tool |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Albores-Gallo et al. [50] | Case control | Mexico Clinical/Psychiatric unit Community/Nurseries | N = 456 18–72 months Mean age = 4.46 years | Parents | The Mexican Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (MM-CHAT) Detect nonverbal children with low function autism |
2. Ben-Sasson and Carter [13] | Cohort | Israel Day care | N = 471 Age M = 12.7 months | Mainly mothers | The First Year Inventory (FYI) |
3. Beuker et al. [51] | Cross sectional | Norway Hospital | N = 12,984 18 months Mean age: 18.53 months | Mothers | The Norwegian Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Norwegian Early Screening of Autistic Traits (ESAT) |
4. Canal-Bedia et al. [53] | Stage 1: Case control | Spain Extended Health Centre & Psychiatric | N-2480 18–36 months | Parents | The Spanish Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) + M-Chat Phone interview |
Stage 2: Cross sectional |  | N-2055 18–36 months | |||
5. Carakovac et al. [56] | Case control | Serbian Primary Healthcare & Psychiatric | N = 148 Mean age = 22.25–23.53 months | Parents | The Serbian Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) |
6. Fombonne et al. [49] | Case control | Mexico Autism Developmental Disorder Clinic Public primary school | N = 563 4–13 years Mean age: 8 years | Parents and teachers | Spanish version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) |
7. Kamio et al. [46] | Cohort | Japan Routine check-up local Health Centre | N = 2516 18 months–3 years Mean age: 18.6–19.2 | Parents | The Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT JV) |
8. Kamio et al. [47] | Cohort | Japan Routine check-up local Health Centre | N = 1851 18 months–3 years Mean age: 18.7 months | Parents + trained interviewers | The Japanese verson of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT JV) + Follow up Interview (FI) |
9. Kara et al. [57] | Cross sectional | Turkey Well-child Paediatric | N = 191 18–36 months Mean age: 27.15 | Parents | The Turkish version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) + FI |
10. Kara et al. [57] | Case control | Turkey Well child Paediatric Psychiatric-autism centre | N = 618 18–36 months Mean age: 27.15 | Nurses and psychologists | The Turkish version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
11. Kondolot et al. [55] | Cross sectional | Turkey Family Health Centres | N = 4000 18–30 months Mean age: 23–24 months | Trained interviewers | The Turkish version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
12. Mohamed et al. [43] | Cross sectional | Egypt Primary Health Centres | N = 5546 1–2.9 years Mean age: 1.7 | Parents | An Arabic validated version of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
13. Mohammadian et al. [45] | Case control | Iran Hospital nursery Psychiatric Hospital Autism Centre | N = 100 Mean age: 27.1 29.62 months | Mothers | The Iranian version of the Quantitative Checklist for or Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) |
14. Nygren et al. [54] | Cohort | Sweden Child Health Centre 2.5 year check-up | N = 3999 Mean age: 1.5 years | Mothers + trained nurses | The Sweden version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) +FI + Joint Attention Observation (JA-OBS) |
15. Perera et al. [53] | Cross sectional | Sri Lanka Primary Health Centre | N = 374 18–24 months | Mothers | Red Flag criteria + the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
16. Perera et al. [19] | Case control | Sri Lanka Paediatric Hospital | N = 105 18–48 months Mean age: 36–40 months | Mothers | The Pictorial Autism Assessment Schedule (PAAS) |
17. Samadi and McConkey [7] | Cohort | Iran Population based Kindergarten and Pre-school Centres | N = 2941 2–5 years | Parents | Hiva + follow-up interview (FI) + the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
18. Seif Eldin et al. [42] | Case control | 9 Arab countries Not reported | N = 228 18–36 months | Parents | The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) |
19. Seung et al. [48] | Cohort | Korea Day care, public HC, Hospitals, paediatric clinic | N = 2300 16–36 months | Parents + first author for FI | The Korean Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (K-M-CHAT)-2 + Phone FI |
20. Wong et al. [44] | Case control | Hong Kong Maternal and child Health clinics Psychiatric | N = 212 13–86 months | Parents + trained investigator | Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT-23) |